History

Unity is collective responsibility: PM Modi recollects role of Sikh gurus

1.     Guru Nanak Dev – Guru from 1469 to 1539 guru nanak Dev, 1st of the ten gurus, founded the Sikh religion, introducing the conception of 1 God. He started the establishment of Guru KaLangar. Langar is that the term within the Sikh faith refers to the common kitchen wherever food is served to everybody without any discrimination. He emphasised the equality of ladies and rejected the path of renunciation and he rejected the authority of the Vedas. He was the modern of Mughal emperor – Babur.

2.     Guru Angad Dev – Guru from 1539 to 1552 Guru Angad Dev, second of the ten gurus, originate and introduced the Gurmukhi (written form of Punjabi) script. He compiled the writings of nanak Dev in Guru granth sahib in Gurmukhi Script. Popularized and expanded the establishment of Guru kaLangar that was started by guru nanak Dev.

3.     Guru Amardas sahib – Guru from 1552 to 1574 Guru Amardas introduced the Anand Karaj wedding ceremony for the Sikhs, replacing the Hindu kind. He established Manji &Piri system of spiritual missions for men and women respectively. He strengthened the tradition of Guru KaLangar. He conjointly fully abolished amongst the Sikhs, the custom of Sati and purdah system. He was the modern of Mughal emperor – Akbar.

4.     Guru Ram Das – Guru from 1574 to 1581 Guru Ram Das, fourth of the ten gurus, founded the town of Amritsar. He started the development of the famous Golden Temple at Amritsar, the holy city of the Sikhs. He requested the Muslim Sufi, Mian Mir to lay the cornerstone of the Harmandir sahib.

5.     Guru Arjan Dev – Guru from 1581 to 1606 He compiled the AdiGranth, the scriptures of the Sikhs. He completed construction of Sri Darbar sahib conjointly called Golden Temple in Amritsar. He founded the city of tarn Taran sahib close to Goindwal sahib. He became the 1st great martyr in Sikh history once Emperor Jahangir ordered his execution. Thus, he was greet as Shaheedan-de-Sartaj (The crown of martyrs).

6.     Guru HarGobind sahib – Guru from 1606 to 1644 He was the son of Guru Arjan Dev and was known as a “soldier saint”. He organized a small army and have become the 1st Guru to take up arms to defend the religion. He waged wars against Mughal rulers Jahangir and shah jahan.

7.     Guru Har Rai sahib – Guru from 1644 to 1661 although he was a man of peace, he never disbanded the armed sikh warriors who were earlier maintained by Guru HarGobind. He gave protection to Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Ruler shah jahan, who was later punish by Aurangazeb. He cautiously avoided dispute with Emperor Aurangzeb and devoted his attempt to missionary work.

8.     Guru HarKrishan sahib – Guru from 1661 to 1664 Guru HarKrishan was the youngest of the Gurus. He was installed as Guru at the age of 5. He was modern of Aurangazeb and summoned to delhi by him under framed charges of anti-Islamic blasphemy.

9.     Guru Tegh Bahadur sahib – Guru from 1665 to 1675 He established the city of Anandpur. He opposed the forced transformation of the Hindu Kashmiri Pandits by Mughal ruler Aurangazeb and he was accordingly victimize for this.

10.                     Guru Gobind Singh sahib – Guru from 1675 to 1708 He became Guru when the martyrdom of his father Guru Tegh Bahadur. He created the khalsa in 1699, ever-changing the Sikhs into a saint-soldier order for protecting themselves. Last Sikh Guru in human form and he passed the Guruship of the Sikhs to the Guru granth sahib. He established the 5 symbols of Sikhism: Kangha (comb), Kesh (long hair), Kada (iron bracelet), Kachcha (underwear) and kirpan (sword or dagger). Guru granth sahib Guru Granth (also called the AdiGranth) is that the scripture of the Sikhs. The granth was written in Gurmukhi script and it contains the actual words and verses as uttered by the Sikh Gurus. its considered the Supreme religious Authority and Head of the Sikh faith, instead of any living person.